Palavras-chave
Segurança do Paciente
Anestesia
Anestesia Local
Resumo
Objetiva-se mapear os estudos sobre quais as técnicas anestésicas em cirurgias oftalmológicas e seus desfechos de segurança. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo formulada com a seguinte pergunta norteadora: “Quais as técnicas anestésicas em cirurgias oftalmológicas e seus desfechos de segurança do paciente na assistência à saúde?”. As buscas foram realizadas na BVS que integra também a LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medline via PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, além da busca por literatura cinzenta realizada no Google Scholar e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Foram incluídos estudos realizados em português, inglês e espanhol, artigos completos e de acesso gratuito. Já os critérios de exclusão foram estudos que não respondiam à questão norteadora, estudos duplicados, protocolos de estudos, tendo em vista que apresentam dados parciais, preliminares, resumos de congressos, além de estudos que especificaram as estratégias de sedação utilizadas. Dos 23 estudos selecionados, observou-se o predomínio das estratégias de bloqueio regional, frequentemente associadas a adjuvantes farmacológicos como a dexmedetomidina, o fentanil e o sulfato de magnésio, evidenciando a coexistência de múltiplas abordagens anestésicas no manejo perioperatório oftalmológico. Além disso, a tendência à combinação de técnicas regionais e adjuvantes sedativos demonstrou ser uma estratégia predominante para otimização do conforto cirúrgico e da segurança hemodinâmica. Conclui-se que a produção científica sobre as técnicas anestésicas em cirurgias oftalmológicas é heterogênea, com predomínio das estratégias de bloqueio regional frequentemente associadas a adjuvantes farmacológicos para otimização dos desfechos de segurança. Ao sintetizar o conhecimento acerca das técnicas anestésicas e os seus desfechos possibilita que os médicos possam intervir de maneira direcionada, tanto na aplicação de melhores estratégias de sedação de acordo com as necessidades evidenciadas por cada paciente.
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