Estrés en gatos domésticos: impacto del ambiente urbano en la salud física y conductual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69849/y3zpv398Palabras clave:
estrés felino, comportamiento animal, ambiente urbano, bienestar animal, enriquecimiento ambientalResumen
El estrés en gatos domésticos ha sido reconocido como un factor central en el desarrollo de alteraciones conductuales y enfermedades sistémicas, especialmente en entornos urbanos. La adaptación a espacios confinados, junto con la reducción de estímulos ambientales y la limitación en la expresión de comportamientos naturales, configura un escenario propicio para el desarrollo de estrés crónico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto del ambiente urbano en la salud física y conductual de los gatos domésticos, con énfasis en los mecanismos fisiológicos del estrés y en sus principales repercusiones clínicas. Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura basada en evidencia científica sobre comportamiento felino, fisiología del estrés y sus implicaciones clínicas. Los hallazgos indican que el estrés crónico se asocia con la activación persistente del eje hipotálamo–hipófisis–adrenal, lo que conduce a niveles elevados de cortisol y a alteraciones sistémicas, incluyendo cistitis idiopática felina, trastornos dermatológicos, obesidad y alteraciones gastrointestinales. Las manifestaciones conductuales, como agresividad, eliminación inadecuada y vocalización excesiva, pueden presentarse de forma independiente o concomitante a las alteraciones fisiológicas, evidenciando la complejidad del fenómeno. Se concluye que el ambiente urbano influye significativamente en el bienestar felino, siendo el enriquecimiento ambiental, la previsibilidad de rutinas y la adecuada orientación de los tutores estrategias fundamentales para la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de la salud, bajo el enfoque de Una Sola Salud.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Beatriz Lopes Queiroz, Hélio Lemes Queiroz (Autor)
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